• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The flat underside of the plate is provided with rows of longitudinal and transverse grooves which intersect like a grid to form numerous zones or islands, each of which contg. a hole through which molten glass is drawn to make fibres. The grooves pref. possess a rectangular-, inverted V-, or an inverted U-, cross section. The holes are pref. so close together on the nozzle plate that it is necessary to blow cooling air onto the underside of the plate to keep the cones of molten glass flowing through the holes separate. Islands are pref. square; and the distance between the axes of adjacent holes is pref. 1.4-4.0 mm, the rectangular cross-section of the grooves being 0.3-3.0 mm wide and 0.4-4.0 mm deep. Thin fibres of eg. 13 mu m dia. can be drawn without the molten cones of glass marging into each other on the underside of the plate.
    公开号:SU1061696A3
    申请号:SU792762799
    申请日:1979-05-07
    公开日:1983-12-15
    发明作者:Соно Хироаки；Нодзи Тосио；Исикава Синзо
    申请人:Нитто Босеки Ко.,Лтд (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    2. The filer according to Claim 1, bt lichayusha so that the groups of grooves intersect each other at a right angle.
    3. The filler according to claim 1, about which there are three groups of grooves on the bottom surface that intersect with each other at an angle of 6.0, and the sections are triangular in shape.
    4. Filer on PP. 1-3, characterized in that the grooves
    made with a rectangular cross section.
    5. Filer on PP. 1-3, characterized in that the grooves are made with a triangular cross section.
    6. Filer on PP. 1-3, of which the canal is made with the fact that the canals are made with an inverted and double-walled cross-section.
    The invention relates to the manufacture of glass fibers, and more specifically to the improvement of a die of this type, which has a flat bottom surface.
    Dies for sleeves designed to stretch fiberglass can be classified mainly into two types. The first type is dies with a plurality of holes facing the flat bottom surface of the dies. Another type is the spinnerers having holes with a nozzle, i.e. each hole ends with a downward protruding lip protruding from the bottom surface of the die.
    The first type of spinnere is advantageous in that it is very simple to manufacture, but when used, the production of fiberglass on one die can not be exceeded beyond a certain limit, because when the density of ordinary holes increases above a certain limit of the molten glass of the melted glass the surface of the die, tends to merge, making it difficult to stretch the glass fiber.
    The advantage of the second type of spinnere is that the density of the holes can be increased, since the holes with the nozzle prevent the melting of the molten glass coming from the adjacent holes, thus avoiding pouring the bottom surface of the die with molten glass. However, there is also a limit to the increase in the density of the holes, since as the density of the holes increases, the molten glass coming out of the hole rises along the outer wall of the nozzle and connects to the melted glass flowing out of the neighboring holes. To prevent this from occurring, water-cooled ribs or tubes for circulating cooling water are placed between the rows of nozzles to cool the molten glass that escapes from the holes. As a result, the pitch of the holes with a nozzle, i.e. the intercenter space between the co-holes is also limited. For example, the pitch of the holes is 3.5–5 mm in areas without cooling fins and 5.5–10.0 mm in areas with cooling fins. Consequently, the well-known dies1 with 1 on cages have an average number of holes: tiy 400-800 and a maximum of 2000. In addition, the manufacture of dies with. nozzles are complex, which makes them expensive.
    0 The closest to the invention according to the technical essence and the achieved result is a filler for drawing glass fiber, made in the form of a plate with a flat bottom surface with through holes. Used in this, the die usually has a thickness of 1, mm and 2000-6000 holes with a pitch of 1.50-4.00 mm C13.
    0 However, despite the fact that the device provides high performance in obtaining glass fibers with a diameter greater than 1 µm, tearing often occurs during stretching.
    5 elementary fibers, which causes a decrease in performance.
    Usually the rupture occurs due to the presence of foreign substances in
    0 molten glass (air bubbles, strips or streams, unmelted substances, parts of refractory material, etc.). This is also the case when using dies with holes provided with nozzles. When glass fibers of one and the same diameter are made of the same glass melt, the frequency of breaks is higher than that of using dies with closely spaced holes than when using dies with nozzles. The first reason is that due to the difference in the temperature conditions of the molten glass and the length of the holes, even when the fiberglass of the same diameter is drawn from the same melt, the diameter of the holes of the spinnerets with closely spaced holes is min-. should be made smaller than those with nozzles with nozzles {usually the first
    is 0.9-1.8 mm, which is equivalent to 1/2 - 7/10 last). As a result, molten glass cones when using a die with closely spaced holes are smaller in size than when using a die with nozzles, so that the ratio of surface area to volume of the molten glass cone is more when using a die with closely spaced holes, than when using a die with nozzles Consequently, the likelihood of foreign substances coming to the surface in the cones of the molten glass is higher when using a die with closely spaced holes than with nozzles. Since the rupture of elementary fibers is attributed to the effect of foreign substances coming to the surface of the molten glass cone, and not to those inside the cone, the frequency of rupture of the elementary fibers is higher when using a spinneret with tightly open holes than when using a die with nozzles .
    The second reason is that air jets directed to the lower surface of the spinnerets can provide more efficient cooling than cooling fins provided on a die with holes fitted with a nozzle. That is, when jets of cooling air blow the cones of molten glass They not only cool these cones, but also remove the gases that envelop them, as a result of which the cooling efficiency can be improved. As a result, the surface of the cone is molten glass. It can be covered with a layer of glass of very high viscosity, so
    That when a melted cone is pulled out of glass into a fiber, few air bubbles in the surface layer can become defects and the fiber can easily break. .
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the awn. .
    The target is achieved by the topics in a filler for drawing glass fiber, made in the form of a plate with a smooth bottom surface.
    5. with through holes, at the bottom surface of the plate at least two groups of parallel grooves are made, and the grooves of one group intersect with the grooves of the other group with the formation of sections, in each of which one hole is made.
    Groove groups intersect each other.
    5 with a friend at a right angle.
    Three groups of grooves are made on the bottom surface, intersecting with each other at an angle of 60, with -. than areas of triangular shape.
    The grooves are made with a straight cross-section.
    The grooves are made with a triangular. with a trick
    The grooves are made with an inverted i-shaped cross section.
    five
    FIG. 1 shows a device comprising a spinneret for drawing glass fiber, a longitudinal section of FIG. 2 - die, bottom view; FIG. 3 - the same, in an enlarged scale of tabe / Fig. 4 - section A-A in FIG. 3 of FIG. 5-7 are views similar to FIG. 4, embodiments of the invention.
    Molten glass 1 with high temperature, remelted and
    5 cleaned in the prechamber flows through the hole in the refractory 2 and, through the grid 3, into the sleeve 4. A low voltage current flows through the sleeve 4 at high speed, heating the sleeve,
    Due to this, the set temperature of the molten glass is maintained. The temperature of the sleeve 4 is continuously monitored by means of a suitable temperature sensor (not shown) to provide for the feedback control of the electricity supplied to the sleeve 4.
    The molten glass flows through a plurality of through holes 5 in the spinneret. With a flat bottom surface, which is installed in the lower part of the sleeve 4, into the atmosphere and formed into a cone of holes on the lower surface of the spinneret 6. The rotary coil 7 provides
    5 application of tension to the cones formed, as a result of which glass fibers are drawn, which, having passed through the roller 8 for applying the binding substance and collecting the block 9, form a bundle 10, winding up the folding folder 11 onto the reel 7
    FIG. 2 shows a bottom view (A-L in Fig. 1) of one of the variants.
    five
    dies 6 according to the invention. The die 6 is made of a platinum alloy such as a platinum-rhodium alloy or a platinum-gold palladium alloy. On the bottom surface of the die 6 there are many longitudinal and transverse parallel grooves 12 surrounding the apertures 5, with the outlet 13 of each aperture 5 located in the center of the lower end of the four-sided prism (Fig. 3 and four). Fig. 4 shows rectangular grooves 12. In accordance with another variant, the grooves may have an inverted and V-shaped section (Fig. 5 or 6).
    The die is advantageous in that; 1; even with a very small pitch of holes, which is impossible in traditional dies with a flat bottom surface due to the fact that the cone of molten glass at the exit of each hole would connect with the adjacent cone and therefore could not formed into fiberglass; each cone cannot spread through the groove 12, thereby preventing its connection with the adjacent cone. In accordance with the present invention, therefore, the density is located. holes can be increased to such an extent as that of the famous die with nozzles, even in the absence of a blowing
    . air on the die plate. In addition, the spinneret can be obtained in a very simple way: it is enough to cut the grooves on the flat bottom surface of the spinneret .. This is an advantage compared to the famous die nozzles.
    However, if there is a die with closely spaced holes, it cannot be avoided that the molten glass coming out of the exit 13 of each hole 5 flows over the surrounding edge 14 (see Fig. 4) of the lower end of the prism into the groove 12, passing the groove 12, flows to neighboring prisms and as a result
    fills the bottom surface of the spinneret. Therefore, in order to keep the individual cones of molten glass emerging from all the holes, it is also necessary to direct air jets to the bottom surface of the spinneret as in the known device.
    P double air nozzles 15 for blowing air jets onto the bottom surface of the die 6 are mounted on a stand 16, which serves to adjust their optimum position and angle of installation. The volume of air C1; ruy impact of gazi in the spinneret can be significantly reduced compared to
    with a well-known spinneret with densely arranged openings that have no grooves on the bottom surface.
    To obtain a die with closely spaced holes, having the specified hole pitch, the desired result is obtained from grooves 12 having a width of 0.3-3.0 mm and a depth of 0.4-4.0 mm. With a groove width of less than 0.3 mm, the surface tension of the melted beets predominates the effect of the grooves 12 for separating individual cones of molten glass. For example, when one of the glass fibers, pulled out of the 5 holes, is broken, the molten glass coming out of the hole corresponding to the broken fiber is immediately poured into the surrounding edge 14i, turning into a droplet,
    0 which immediately comes into contact and connects with the adjacent molten glass cone. When the groove width exceeds 3.0 mm, the cones of molten glass can
    5 to be kept apart from each other, even without blowing the bottom surface of the spinneret with air jets.
    With a groove depth of less than 0.4 mm, a satisfactory separation of the molten glass cones can be ensured when the die is relatively new. However, after a long period of operation, the grooves 12 are deformed due to the use of the alloy constituting the spinneret, with the result that the required results cannot be obtained. When the depth of the grooves exceeds 4, O mm, the processing of such deep grooves is difficult.
    When using the well-known die with closely spaced versts. having no grooves, with blowing the bottom surface with air jets, it has been established that it is necessary to maintain the dynamic pressure of the air jets within 12-25 mm HjO when measured on the bottom surface of the die and the total air flow, for example, 1.22, 5 m- / min for die with 2000 holes. In this case, a stable separation of the molten glass cones can be maintained due to strong air cooling, as well as to the downward drawing force applied to each cone of molten glass. In the absence of —THE FORCE draining or decreasing cooling, the wetting of the platinum alloy die, with molten glass, may increase, resulting in a cone of molten glass that can settle and spread to the adjacent cone, merging with it.
    moreover, such a fusion can propagate further along the spinneret, Gneflovechno, the well-known spinneret needs to be cooled strongly so that the surface temperature of the molten glass cones is relatively low, and their viscosity is very high. In addition, as a result of strong cooling, the cones of molten glass have a small diameter. Under these conditions, when inside the melt cone near its surface, which has a high viscosity, there are small air bubbles and / or jets, they will cause surface defects resulting from a cone; melted glass has a tendency to easy settling. The smaller the diameter of the obtained glass fiber, the greater the increase in the indicated tendency, and the more often the rupture of elementary fibers will occur. For these reasons, it is not possible to draw thin glass fibers less than 13 microns in diameter through a known die.
    In the spinneret according to the invention, in which the outlet 13 of each hole is surrounded by the grooves 12, the tendency of the molten glass to merge can be reduced. When the wetting of the spinnerette with molten glass increases and the molten glass spreads over the entire bottom end surface of each prism, it does not have enough surface energy to rise along the vertical wall of the groove and merge with the melted glass poured along the bottom end surface of the adjacent prism. For this reason, the amount of cooling air necessary to prevent fusion / can be significantly reduced compared with the known filter without grooves. Moreover, when the drawing force disappears / is applied to each cone, the cones of molten glass can be kept separated from each other with less cooling air.
    For the purpose of comparison, experiments were carried out with a filler according to the invention having 2000 holes, separated by grooves, with an air pressure of 5-15 mm HjO. Consumption within .0,6-. 1.4 is sufficient to satisfactorily stretch the glass fiber. When using the known die, the flow rate should be 1.2-2.5 in order to create a dynamic pressure of 12-25 mmH2O and at the bottom surface of the die. Thus, in accordance with the invention, the volume of air necessary for the formation of the spinneret can be reduced, the temperature of the surface of the cones of the molten glass will be
    5. relatively high and superficial viscosity relatively low.
    . As a result, air bubbles and / or streams can be properly removed from the surface, the melted cone, glass will have a smooth surface and the frequency of breaks of the elementary fibers can be noticeably reduced. For example, when extruding elementary glass fibers with a diameter of 13–10 µm through
    5, the filaments known to the spinneret were often broken, and, consequently, the productivity was very low. When using the die according to the invention, the frequency
    0 ruptures of the elementary fibers fell to a minimum. In addition, the elementary glass fibers can be drawn up to a diameter of 7-5 microns, in contrast to the known die.
    five
    The spinnerets according to the invention are advantageous in that at the beginning of the operation of stretching the glass fiber or, in the event of rupture of all the fibers being drawn, the operation of separating the molten
    0 glass on individual cones can be greatly facilitated. The separation of the molten glass exiting the individual holes is carried out in several steps.
    five
    Adjust the temperature of the molten glass in the sleeve so that it is 20–60 ° lower than the temperature of the molten glass maintained during normal operation of the extrusion. The purpose of this stage is to reduce the degree of wetting between the melted glass and the spinneret.
    The viscous mass of
    The 5th surfaces of the spinneret of the molten glass are captured with pliers and pulled down while the lower surface of the spinneret is blown with a jet of air. In this case, in the local zone of the die, where the air jets are concentrated, the separation of the molten glass into separate fibers begins. ,
    When separation happens,
    5 molten glass, the volume of air jets gradually increase with a simultaneous increase in the temperature of the molten glass inside the sleeve.
    A strong air stream coming out of the air spike is directed,
    0 to that part of the molten glass which still remains merged in the local zone of the lower surface of the spinneret, with the result that the separation ends.
    five
    During these stages, it is impossible to maintain a uniform temperature distribution profile over the die because the electric current flowing through the sleeve varies and there is a difference in temperature variation between several local spinneret zones, and the temperature in that spinneret zone, where molten glass is The outlet of the holes, divided into fibers, differs from the temperature in another zone, in which the molten glass, leaving the openings, is still coalescing. Such uneven temperature distribution patterns make it difficult to separate the molten glass, because the molten glass emerging from the high temperature holes tends to merge and the molten glass leaving the holes has a low temperature tends to retard, causing the glass to melt. plugging holes. Thus, the known die requires a lot of time and labor for the operation of separating the molten glass. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the process of forming the glass fibers during the drawing operation in order to quickly detect the breakage of one of the glass fibers, before all the fibers break, this will facilitate the separation operation. Therefore, the number of sleeves serviced by one operator is limited to three, in the case if the spinneret of each sleeve has 2000 holes.
    However, when using a die having holes, separated from each other by longitudinal and transverse grooves in accordance with the invention, there is no need to change the sleeve temperature and the amount of air blown to the bottom surface of the die, during the separation operation of the molten glass, and occur across the entire lower surface at the same time. As a result, the separation can be carried out simply and in a very short time, so that fiber breakage control can be eliminated and the number of operators can be reduced.
    Example 1. Using spinnerets each having 2000 holes each, glass fibers of relatively large diameters are drawn. . Prototype Invention
    Diameter of the opening, mm1.20 1.20
    To.pina dies, mm2.00 2.00
    Example 2. With the use of spinnerets each having 2000 holes each, relatively glass fibers are drawn.
    Example 3. Using spinnerets each with 1600 holes, thinner Uwoles are drawn.
    Prototype Invention Drawing speed, g / m Number of fiber breaks in de diameter, m 7 5 Time of separation neither at Tbib molten filler filled in, min Number of operator sleeves Cooling air flow When using no can
    12
    ss
    /
    illllllilllllllllllll
    The pulling of the exhaust gas is reduced, the amount of heat transferred to the underside of the spinnerette is reduced, the molten glass drawn out through the holes of the filaments, so that even when the flow of cooling air remains unchanged, the spinneretter cools to such an extent that the melted glass solidifies at die, clogging its holes. But by reducing the flow rate, the fused molten glass is not divided into fibers. Thus, when the drawing speed falls below a certain limit, separation becomes impossible. Separation is not possible if the drawing speed per hole is less than 0.2 g / mM. But when using a spinneret 1 according to the invention, even at low drawing speed and low cooling air flow, molten glass in the grooves can extend from the grooves to the lower surface area, surrounding the exit of each hole, so that the separation of the molten glass can be carried out. When using the invention in flat spinnerets, each of which has a large number of densely arranged holes and to which cooling air streams are directed, separation and stretching becomes possible even at such a low drawing speed, which makes separation and stretching using known spinnerers impossible . In addition, the time required to separate the molten glass can be significantly reduced. In the case of drawing thinner glass fibers, the frequency of ryv-fiber filaments can be reduced to a minimum. In addition, labor savings and reduced cooling air consumption are achieved.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. DRAWER FILIER
    NII GLASS FIBER, made in the form of a plate with a flat bottom surface with through holes, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity, at least two groups of parallel grooves are made on the bottom surface of the plate, the grooves of one group intersecting with the grooves of the other group with the formation of sections, in each of which one hole is made.
    [2]
    2. Die according to π. 1, characterized in that the groups of grooves intersect with each other at a right angle.
    [3]
    3. Die according to π. 1, about l and -, characterized in that on the lower surface there are three groups of grooves intersecting each other at an angle of 6.0 °, and the sections are triangular in shape.
    [4]
    4. The die according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the grooves are made with a rectangular cross-section.
    [5]
    5. The die according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the grooves are made with a triangular cross section.
    [6]
    6. The die according to paragraphs. 1-3, which is distinguished by the fact that the grooves are made with an inverted and-shaped cross section.
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    KR850000975B1|1985-07-05|Orifice plates for glass fiber drawing bushing
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR2482079B1|1983-10-28|
    FR2482079A1|1981-11-13|
    JPS594388B2|1984-01-30|
    BE876072A|1979-09-03|
    JPS54147212A|1979-11-17|
    ZA792126B|1980-05-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    RU2452697C2|2006-08-29|2012-06-10|Осв Интеллекчуал Кэпитал, Ллк|Steam feeder assembly having cooling support fins|
    RU2618245C1|2016-02-03|2017-05-03|Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Технология и Оборудование для Стеклянных Структур"|Die for glass rod manufacture |US2775850A|1953-03-02|1957-01-01|Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp|Apparatus for forming mineral fibers|
    US3574581A|1968-09-13|1971-04-13|Ppg Industries Inc|Bushing for use in extruding fibers|
    US3979195A|1974-01-14|1976-09-07|Kaiser Glass Fiber Corporation|Glass fiber orifice plate|US4222757A|1978-10-16|1980-09-16|Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation|Method for manufacturing glass fibers|
    FR2470098A1|1979-11-20|1981-05-29|Saint Gobain Vetrotex|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS FIBERS|
    AU4112001A|2000-03-14|2001-09-24|Nitto Boseki Co Lt D|Bushing and glass fiber producing method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP53054192A|JPS594388B2|1978-05-08|1978-05-08|
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